5~6강

동사에 대한 기본 개념 복습

문장 = 주어 + 동사

동사는 꼭 필요함

Be	Do
am, are, is	have, eat, go, like, know, run
~ + not	Don't + ~
동사 + 주어 ? you are a student -> Are you a student?	Do ~~ ? I like milk -> Do you like milk?

 

 

시제
~	원래 그런것
~ing	더 이상 동사가 아님. 명사 또는 형용사처럼 쓰임 좁은 영역에 집중 눈에 보이는 행동들
~ed 과거형과 과거분사는 기본적으로 같은 모양	한 걸음 물러나는 느낌 1. 시간 기준으로 뒤로 물러남 = 과거로… 이제 더 이상 현재와 관련 없는 상태가 됨 2. 말하는 사람의 태도(attitude)가 뒤로 물러남 = 겸손한 말투 can you 보다 could you가 더 예의 바른 표현임 3. 현실에서 물러남 = 가상, 생각 속의 이야기를 표현 할 때

 

 

빈도부사 - always, usually, often, sometimes …

빈도부사 위치는 Be 동사 뒤, Do 동사 앞

I always get up early

 

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I am speaking. - 지금 말을 하고 있긴 하지만 얼마나 지속될지는 관심 없음

 

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have가 소유의 의미일 때에는 have got으로 쓰임

I have blue eyes = I've got blue eyes. 완전히 같은 의미임. have got은 구어체임

He has blue eyes = He's got blue eyes. 여기서 's가 is가 줄어든 것이 아님. 's 뒤에 got이 나오면 have라고 알아챌 수 있어야 함

 

그런데 원래 have 는 Do타입 동사인데 have got의 have는 Be타입 처럼 쓰임

I have blue eyes	I don't have blue eyes.	Do you have blue eyes?
I have got blue eyes.	I haven't got blue eyes.	Have you got blue eyes?

 

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~ed 형태 - 과거를 표현하는 용법

 

be 동사의 ed형태

am	was
are	were
is	was

 

I was tired yesterday. / I wasn't tired yesterday.

You were tired yesterday.

Were you tired yesterday?

Why were you tired yesterday?

 

Do 타입 동사들은 ed형태가 규칙적인것도 있지만 불규칙적인것도 많음 - 암기해야함

암기 표는 맨 마지막에…

 

시제 표현은 가장 먼저 나오는 동사를 ed 형으로 바꾸면 됨

you are late	you were late	were you late?	why were you late?
I know	I knew	did he know?	when did he know?

 

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I am tired	I was tired	I wasn't tired	were you tired?	why were you tired?
I do my homework	I did my homework	I didn't do my homework	did you do your homework?	when did you do your homework?

 

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~ing는 집중한다는 개념. 과거의 특정 시점에도 집중 가능함

what were you doing at last night?

I was sleeping.

 

 

 

원형	단순과거형	과거분사형
be	was/were	been
beat	beat	beaten
become	became	become
begin	began	begun
bend	bent	bent
bet	bet	bet
bite	bit	bitten
blow	blew	blown
break	broke	broken
bring	brought	brought
broadcast	broadcast	broadcast
build	built	built
burst	burst	burst
buy	bought	bought
catch	caught	caught
choose	chose	chosen
come	came	come
cost	cost	cost
creep	crept	crept
cut	cut	cut
deal	dealt	dealt
dig	dug	dug
do	did	done
draw	drew	drawn
drink	drank	drunk
drive	drove	driven
eat	ate	eaten
fall	fell	fallen
feed	fed	fed
feel	felt	felt
fight	fought	fought
find	found	found
fit	fit	fit
flee	fled	fled
fly	flew	flown
forbid	forbade	forbidden
forget	forgot	forgotten
forgive	forgave	forgiven
freeze	froze	frozen
get	got	gotten
give	gave	given
go	went	gone
grow	grew	grown
hang	hung	hung
have	had	had
hear	heard	heard
hide	hid	hidden
hit	hit	hit
hold	held	held
hurt	hurt	hurt
keep	kept	kept
kneel	knelt	knelt
know	knew	known
lay	laid	laid
lead	led	led
leave	left	left
lend	lent	lent
let	let	let
lie	lay	lain
light	lit/lighted	lit/lighted
lose	lost	lost
make	made	made
mean	meant	meant
meet	met	met
pay	paid	paid
put	put	put
quit	quit	quit
read	read[red]	read[red]
ride	rode	ridden
ring	rang	rung
rise	rose	risen
run	ran	run
say	said	said
see	saw	seen
seek	sought	sought
sell	sold	sold
send	sent	sent
set	set	set
sew	sewed	sewn/sewed
shake	shook	shaken
shine	shone/shined	shone/shined
shoot	shot	shot
show	showed	shown/showed
shrink	shrank	shrunk
shut	shut	shut
sing	sang	sung
sink	sank	sunk
sit	sat	sat
sleep	slept	slept
slide	slid	slid
speak	spoke	spoken
spend	spent	spent
spit	spit/spat	spit/spat
split	split	split
spread	spread	spread
spring	sprang	sprung
stand	stood	stood
steal	stole	stolen
stick	stuck	stuck
sting	stung	stung
stink	stank	stunk
strike	struck	struck
swear	swore	sworn
sweep	swept	swept
swim	swam	swum
swing	swung	swung
take	took	taken
teach	taught	taught
tear	tore	torn
tell	told	told
think	thought	thought
throw	threw	thrown
understand	understood	understood
wake	woke	woken
wear	wore	worn
weep	wept	wept
win	won	won
write	wrote	written